Medicines
Discover all available medicines and treatments
Discover all available medicines and treatments
Brand: Vivarin, NoDoz, Stay Awake
Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant of the methylxanthine class. It is the world's most widely consumed psychoactive drug. Caffeine is found naturally in coffee beans, tea leaves, cacao beans, and other plants. It works by blocking the action of adenosine, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, thereby increasing neuronal firing in the brain. This leads to increased alertness, wakefulness, and energy. Caffeine also has other effects on the body, such as increasing heart rate and blood pressure.
Used to improve alertness, reduce fatigue, and relieve drowsiness.
Outcome:
Increased clozapine levels and risk of toxicity
Mechanism:
Caffeine inhibits CYP1A2, which metabolizes clozapine.
Outcome:
Increased caffeine levels
Mechanism:
Cimetidine inhibits caffeine metabolism.
Outcome:
May reduce the stimulating effects of caffeine
Mechanism:
Alcohol can have sedative effects.
Most likely new formulation: Extended-release caffeine products for improved sleep hygiene (Year: 2025, 70% confidence)
Based on current usage trends and regulatory scrutiny, there is a low ( <5%) likelihood of caffeine being restricted to prescription-only status in the next 5 years.
Stimulant, Methylxanthine
Methylxanthine