Medicines
Discover all available medicines and treatments
Discover all available medicines and treatments
Brand: Codeine Phosphate, Codeine Sulfate, Paveral, Paracod, Tylenol with Codeine
Codeine is an opioid pain reliever and cough suppressant. It's a naturally occurring opiate alkaloid found in the opium poppy, but it's often synthesized from morphine. Codeine is a weak opioid agonist, meaning it binds to opioid receptors in the brain, reducing pain perception and producing a calming effect. It is often used in combination with other pain relievers such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen. Codeine also acts on the cough center in the brain, suppressing the urge to cough.
For mild to moderate pain relief and cough suppression.
Respiratory depression and death have occurred in children who received codeine following tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy and had evidence of being ultra-rapid metabolizers of codeine due to a CYP2D6 polymorphism. Codeine is contraindicated for post-operative pain management in all children undergoing tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy.
Outcome:
Increased sedation, respiratory depression
Mechanism:
Additive CNS depressant effects
Outcome:
Increased drowsiness
Mechanism:
Additive sedative effects
Outcome:
Reduced codeine effectiveness
Mechanism:
Induction of CYP3A4 metabolism
Most likely new formulation: Abuse-deterrent codeine products (Year: 2025, 70% confidence)
Based on declining prescriptions and concerns about misuse, there is a 30% likelihood of increased restrictions on codeine prescribing within the next 5 years.
Opioid Analgesic, Antitussive
Opiate Alkaloid