Medicines
Discover all available medicines and treatments
Discover all available medicines and treatments
Brand: Xyrem, Alcover
Hydroxybutyrate, also known as gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) or sodium oxybate, is a central nervous system depressant. It is used therapeutically to treat narcolepsy with cataplexy, a sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden muscle weakness. GHB is also known for its illicit use as a recreational drug and as a date-rape drug due to its sedative and amnesic effects. Its classification as a Schedule I controlled substance in the United States reflects its potential for abuse and dependence.
Treatment of narcolepsy with cataplexy.
Xyrem (sodium oxybate) is a central nervous system depressant with a high potential for abuse and misuse. It can cause respiratory depression, seizures, coma, and death. It should only be used under the strict supervision of a healthcare provider. Patients should be carefully monitored for signs of abuse, misuse, and addiction.
Outcome:
Respiratory depression, coma, death
Mechanism:
Additive CNS depression
Outcome:
Increased sedation
Mechanism:
Additive CNS depression
Outcome:
Delayed absorption of GHB
Mechanism:
Altered gastric emptying
Most likely new formulation: Extended-release sodium oxybate (2025, 70% confidence)
Based on current usage trends and emerging research, there is a 30% likelihood of stricter regulations regarding GHB prescriptions in the next 5 years.
Central Nervous System Depressant, Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) analogue
Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid