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Discover all available medicines and treatments
Brand: Nizoral, Extina, Xolegel, Kuric
Ketoconazole is a broad-spectrum antifungal medication used to treat various fungal infections. It belongs to the imidazole class of antifungals and works by inhibiting the synthesis of ergosterol, a crucial component of fungal cell membranes. This disruption leads to increased cell membrane permeability and ultimately fungal cell death. Ketoconazole is available in various forms, including tablets, creams, shampoos, and intravenous formulations.
Ketoconazole is used to treat fungal infections of the skin, hair, nails, and mucous membranes, including candidiasis, ringworm, jock itch, athlete's foot, and certain systemic fungal infections.
Ketoconazole oral tablets have a Black Box Warning for hepatotoxicity. Severe liver injury, including liver failure and death, has been reported. Monitor liver function tests and discontinue treatment if abnormalities are observed. Avoid concomitant use with drugs that inhibit or induce CYP3A4.
Outcome:
Increased risk of QT prolongation and torsades de pointes
Mechanism:
Ketoconazole inhibits CYP3A4 metabolism of cisapride.
Outcome:
Increased sedation
Mechanism:
Ketoconazole inhibits CYP3A4 metabolism of alprazolam.
Outcome:
Reduced ketoconazole absorption
Mechanism:
Increased gastric pH reduces ketoconazole absorption.
Most likely new formulation: Topical nanocarrier-based delivery system for enhanced efficacy and reduced systemic side effects (2025, 70% confidence)
Based on current usage trends and increasing resistance patterns, there is a 20% likelihood of stricter regulations on ketoconazole use within the next 5 years.
Antifungal
Imidazole