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Brand: Levulan Kerastick, Ameluz, Gliolan
5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a naturally occurring amino acid that is a precursor in the heme biosynthesis pathway. It is used clinically in photodynamic therapy (PDT) for various conditions, including skin cancers and precancerous lesions. When applied topically or administered orally, 5-ALA accumulates in certain cells, leading to the production of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), a photosensitizing agent. Upon light activation, PpIX generates reactive oxygen species that cause cell death.
Used in photodynamic therapy for skin cancers, precancerous lesions, and other conditions.
Outcome:
Photosensitivity reactions (severe sunburn)
Mechanism:
Increased skin sensitivity to UV light due to PpIX accumulation.
Outcome:
Reduced efficacy of 5-ALA
Mechanism:
Iron may compete with 5-ALA in heme synthesis.
Outcome:
Potential increased risk of photosensitivity
Mechanism:
Some NSAIDs can increase photosensitivity.
Most likely new formulation: Topical nanoparticle delivery system for enhanced efficacy (Year: 2026, 80% confidence)
Based on increasing clinical trial activity, there is a 70% likelihood of expanded FDA approvals for 5-ALA in new indications within the next 5 years.
Photosensitizing Agent, Hemoglobin precursor
Amino Acid