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Brand: Hivid
Zalcitabine, also known as dideoxycytidine (ddC), is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) used in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV infection. It works by inhibiting the reverse transcriptase enzyme, preventing the conversion of viral RNA to DNA, thus blocking HIV replication. Zalcitabine is no longer widely used due to its toxicity profile, particularly peripheral neuropathy.
Used in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV infection.
Peripheral neuropathy, including pain, numbness, tingling, burning, and weakness, especially in the feet and hands. Pancreatitis, which can be fatal. Lactic acidosis with hepatic steatosis.
Outcome:
Increased risk of peripheral neuropathy and pancreatitis
Mechanism:
Synergistic mitochondrial toxicity
Outcome:
Possible antagonistic interaction
Mechanism:
Competition for intracellular phosphorylation
Outcome:
Reduced absorption of zalcitabine
Mechanism:
Chelation or altered gastric pH
No new formulations or indications for zalcitabine are anticipated.
Due to its toxicity profile and the availability of safer alternatives, zalcitabine is unlikely to regain widespread use. Less than 1% likelihood of renewed interest in the next 5 years.
Antiretroviral, Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NRTI)
Nucleoside analog